Forgotten Her Story: Reclaiming Gendered History of Women Independence Fighters in Indonesia and Philippines

Abstract

This study examines the unequal historical recognition of women independence fighters in Indonesia and the Philippines during World War II. Focusing on the comparative cases of bu Dar Mortir and Nieves Fernandez, it employs a qualitative and comparative-historical approach to analyze archival sources, oral histories, and national memorials from both countries. The findings reveal that Indonesian women actively participated in the independence struggle, yet their contributions remain underrepresented due to gendered moral values and state constructions of femininity within religious and symbolic roles. In contrast, Filipina fighters received broader acknowledgment through veteran programs, formal education, and public commemoration. By highlighting these disparities, the study underscores the political nature of gender bias in historiography and calls for the development of gender-inclusive historical narratives. This research contributes to Southeast Asian gender studies and promotes more equitable representations in national history.